Clear water or new water
Neosha is often cited as a variant of Neosho, a name of Native American origin (specifically Osage) meaning 'clear water' or 'new water'. It is also occasionally linked to the Greek prefix 'neo-', meaning new, though its usage in the US is most likely an American invention or a place-name derivative.
Less common today
Neosha isn't in the latest US Top 1000. It last peaked at #6,334 in 1990.
US births per 5-year period, 1990βpresent (SSA data).