Pure or chaste
Casten is a rare variant of Carsten, which is the Low German form of Christian. It ultimately derives from the Greek name Christianos, meaning 'follower of Christ' or 'anointed'. In some contexts, it is also associated with the Latin 'castus', meaning pure or chaste.
Less common today
Casten isn't in the latest US Top 1000. It last peaked at #5,890 in 2013.
US births per 5-year period, 1990βpresent (SSA data).