Free man
Carlous is a rare variant of the Germanic name Charles. It shares the same etymological roots as the Old High German word 'karal', which refers to a free person who was not of noble birth but possessed legal rights.
Less common today
Carlous isn't in the latest US Top 1000. It last peaked at #4,957 in 1992.
US births per 5-year period, 1990βpresent (SSA data).